Question # 1
A company has VPC flow logs enabled for its NAT gateway. The company is seeing Action = ACCEPT for inbound traffic that comes from public IP address 198.51.100.2 destined for a private Amazon EC2 instance.
A solutions architect must determine whether the traffic represents unsolicited inbound connections from the internet. The first two octets of the VPC CIDR block are 203.0.
Which set of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements?
|
A. Open the AWS CloudTrail console. Select the log group that contains the NAT gateway's elastic network interface and the private instance's elastic network interface. Run a query to filter with the destination address set as "like 203.0" and the source address set as "like 198.51.100.2". Run the stats command to filter the sum of bytes transferred by the source address and the destination address.
| B. Open the Amazon CloudWatch console. Select the log group that contains the NAT gateway's elastic network interface and the private instance's elastic network interface. Run a query to filter with the destination address set as "like 203.0" and the source address set as "like 198.51.100.2". Run the stats command to filter the sum of bytes transferred by the source address and the destination address.
| C. Open the AWS CloudTrail console. Select the log group that contains the NAT gateway's elastic network interface and the private instance's elastic network interface. Run a query to filter with the destination address set as "like 198.51.100.2" and the source address set as "like 203.0". Run the stats command to filter the sum of bytes transferred by the source address and the destination address.
| D. Open the Amazon CloudWatch console. Select the log group that contains the NAT gateway's elastic network interface and the private instance's elastic network interface. Run a query to filter with the destination address set as "like 198.51.100.2" and the source address set as "like 203.0". Run the stats command to filter the sum of bytes transferred by the source address and the destination address.
|
D. Open the Amazon CloudWatch console. Select the log group that contains the NAT gateway's elastic network interface and the private instance's elastic network interface. Run a query to filter with the destination address set as "like 198.51.100.2" and the source address set as "like 203.0". Run the stats command to filter the sum of bytes transferred by the source address and the destination address.
Explanation:
https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/vpc-analyze-inbound-traffic-nat-gateway/ by Cloudxie says "select appropriate log"
Question # 2
A company provides auction services for artwork and has users across North America and Europe. The company hosts its application in Amazon EC2 instances in the us-east-1 Region. Artists upload photos of their work as large-size, high-resolution image files from their mobile phones to a centralized Amazon S3 bucket created in the us-east-l Region. The users in Europe are reporting slow performance for their Image uploads.
How can a solutions architect improve the performance of the image upload process?
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A. Redeploy the application to use S3 multipart uploads.
| B. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution and point to the application as a custom origin
| C. Configure the buckets to use S3 Transfer Acceleration.
| D. Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances and create a scaling policy.
|
C. Configure the buckets to use S3 Transfer Acceleration.
Explanation:
Transfer acceleration. S3 Transfer Acceleration utilizes the Amazon CloudFront global network of edge locations to accelerate the transfer of data to and from S3 buckets. By enabling S3 Transfer Acceleration on the centralized S3 bucket, the users in Europe will experience faster uploads as their data will be routed through the closest CloudFront edge location.
Question # 3
A company needs to architect a hybrid DNS solution. This solution will use an Amazon Route 53 private hosted zone for the domain cloud.example.com for the resources stored within VPCs.
The company has the following DNS resolution requirements:
• On-premises systems should be able to resolve and connect to cloud.example.com.
• All VPCs should be able to resolve cloud.example.com.
There is already an AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises corporate network and AWS Transit Gateway. Which architecture should the company use to meet these requirements with the HIGHEST performance?
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A. Associate the private hosted zone to all the VPCs. Create a Route 53 inbound resolver in the shared services VPC. Attach all VPCs to the transit gateway and create forwarding rules in the on-premises DNS server for cloud.example.com that point to the inbound resolver.
| B. Associate the private hosted zone to all the VPCs. Deploy an Amazon EC2 conditional forwarder in the shared services VPC. Attach all VPCs to the transit gateway and create forwarding rules in the on-premises DNS server for cloud.example.com that point to the conditional forwarder.
| C. Associate the private hosted zone to the shared services VPC. Create a Route 53 outbound resolver in the shared services VPC. Attach all VPCs to the transit gateway and create forwarding rules in the on-premises DNS server for cloud.example.com that point to the outbound resolver.
| D. Associate the private hosted zone to the shared services VPC. Create a Route 53 inbound resolver in the shared services VPC. Attach the shared services VPC to the transit gateway and create forwarding rules in the on-premises DNS server for cloud.example.com that point to the inbound resolver.
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A. Associate the private hosted zone to all the VPCs. Create a Route 53 inbound resolver in the shared services VPC. Attach all VPCs to the transit gateway and create forwarding rules in the on-premises DNS server for cloud.example.com that point to the inbound resolver.
Explanation:
Amazon Route 53 Resolver is a managed DNS resolver service from Route 53 that helps to create conditional forwarding rules to redirect query traffic1. By associating the private hosted zone to all the VPCs, the solutions architect can enable DNS resolution for cloud.example.com within the VPCs. By creating a Route 53 inbound resolver in the shared services VPC, the solutions architect can enable DNS resolution for cloud.example.com from on-premises systems. By attaching all VPCs to the transit gateway, the solutions architect can enable connectivity between the VPCs and the on-premises network through AWS Direct Connect. By creating forwarding rules in the on-premises DNS server for cloud.example.com that point to the inbound resolver, the solutions architect can direct DNS queries for cloud.example.com to the Route 53 Resolver endpoint in AWS. This solution will provide the highest performance as it leverages Route 53 Resolver’s optimized routing and caching capabilities.
References: 1: https://aws.amazon.com/route53/resolver/
Question # 4
A solutions architect is designing an AWS account structure for a company that consists of multiple teams. All the teams will work in the same AWS Region. The company needs a VPC that is connected to the on-premises network. The company expects less than 50 Mbps of total traffic to and from the on-premises network.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Select TWO.)
|
A. Create an AWS Cloud Formation template that provisions a VPC and the required subnets. Deploy the template to each AWS account.
| B. Create an AWS Cloud Formation template that provisions a VPC and the required subnets. Deploy the template to a shared services account Share the subnets by using AWS Resource Access Manager.
| C. Use AWS Transit Gateway along with an AWS Site-to-Site VPN for connectivity to the on-premises network. Share the transit gateway by using AWS Resource Access Manager.
| D. Use AWS Site-to-Site VPN for connectivity to the on-premises network.
| E. Use AWS Direct Connect for connectivity to the on-premises network.
|
B. Create an AWS Cloud Formation template that provisions a VPC and the required subnets. Deploy the template to a shared services account Share the subnets by using AWS Resource Access Manager.
D. Use AWS Site-to-Site VPN for connectivity to the on-premises network.
Question # 5
A company is running a critical stateful web application on two Linux Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) with an Amazon RDS for MySQL database The company hosts the DNS records for the application in Amazon Route 53 A solutions architect must recommend a solution to improve the resiliency of the application .The solution must meet the following objectives:
• Application tier RPO of 2 minutes. RTO of 30 minutes
• Database tier RPO of 5 minutes RTO of 30 minutes
The company does not want to make significant changes to the existing application architecture The company must ensure optimal latency after a failover. Which solution will meet these requirements?
|
A. Configure the EC2 instances to use AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery Create a cross-Region read replica for the RDS DB instance Create an ALB in a second AWS Region Create an AWS Global Accelerator endpoint and associate the endpoint with the ALBs Update DNS records to point to the Global Accelerator endpoint
| B. Configure the EC2 instances to use Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (Amazon DLM) to take snapshots of the EBS volumes Configure RDS automated backups Configure backup replication to a second AWS Region Create an ALB in the second Region Create an AWS Global Accelerator endpoint, and associate the endpoint with the ALBs Update DNS records to point to the Global Accelerator endpoint
| C. Create a backup plan in AWS Backup for the EC2 instances and RDS DB instance Configure backup replication to a second AWS Region Create an ALB in the second Region Configure an Amazon CloudFront distribution in front of the ALB Update DNS records to point to CloudFront
| D. Configure the EC2 instances to use Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (Amazon DLM) to take snapshots of the EBS volumes Create a cross-Region read replica for the RDS DB instance Create an ALB in a second AWS Region Create an AWS Global Accelerator endpoint and associate the endpoint with the ALBs
|
B. Configure the EC2 instances to use Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (Amazon DLM) to take snapshots of the EBS volumes Configure RDS automated backups Configure backup replication to a second AWS Region Create an ALB in the second Region Create an AWS Global Accelerator endpoint, and associate the endpoint with the ALBs Update DNS records to point to the Global Accelerator endpoint
Explanation:
This option meets the RPO and RTO requirements for both the application and database tiers and uses tools like Amazon DLM and RDS automated backups to create and manage the backups. Additionally, it uses Global Accelerator to ensure low latency after failover by directing traffic to the closest healthy endpoint.
Question # 6
A company needs to optimize the cost of backups for Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS). A solutions architect has already configured a backup plan in AWS Backup for the EFS backups. The backup plan contains a rule with a lifecycle configuration to transition EFS backups to cold storage after 7 days and to keep the backups for an additional 90 days.
After I month, the company reviews its EFS storage costs and notices an increase in the EFS backup costs. The EFS backup cold storage produces almost double the cost of the EFS warm backup storage.
What should the solutions architect do to optimize the cost?
|
A. Modify the backup rule's lifecycle configuration to move the EFS backups to cold storage after 1 day. Set the backup retention period to 30 days.
| B. Modify the backup rule's lifecycle configuration to move the EFS backups to cold storage after 8 days. Set the backup retention period to 30 days.
| C. Modify the backup rule's lifecycle configuration to move the EFS backups to cold storage after 1 day. Set the backup retention period to 90 days.
| D. Modify the backup rule's lifecycle configuration to move the EFS backups to cold storage after 8 days. Set the backup retention period to 98 days.
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A. Modify the backup rule's lifecycle configuration to move the EFS backups to cold storage after 1 day. Set the backup retention period to 30 days.
Explanation:
The cost of EFS backup cold storage is $0.01 per GB-month, whereas the cost of EFS backup warm storage is $0.05 per GB-month1. Therefore, moving the backups to cold storage as soon as possible will reduce the storage cost. However, cold storage backups must be retained for a minimum of 90 days2, otherwise they incur a pro-rated charge equal to the storage charge for the remaining days1. Therefore, setting the backup retention period to 30 days will incur a penalty of 60 days of cold storage cost for each backup deleted. This penalty will still be lower than keeping the backups in warm storage for 7 days and then in cold storage for 83 days, which is the current configuration. Therefore, option A is the most cost-effective solution.
Question # 7
A company's interactive web application uses an Amazon CloudFront distribution to serve images from an Amazon S3 bucket. Occasionally, third-party tools ingest corrupted images into the S3 bucket. This image corruption causes a poor user experience in the application later. The company has successfully implemented and tested Python logic to detect corrupt images.
A solutions architect must recommend a solution to integrate the detection logic with minimal latency between the ingestion and serving.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
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A. Use a Lambda@Edge function that is invoked by a viewer-response event.
| B. Use a Lambda@Edge function that is invoked by an origin-response event.
| C. Use an S3 event notification that invokes an AWS Lambda function.
| D. Use an S3 event notification that invokes an AWS Step Functions state machine.
|
B. Use a Lambda@Edge function that is invoked by an origin-response event.
Explanation:
This solution will allow the detection logic to be run as soon as the image is uploaded to the S3 bucket, before it is served to users via the CloudFront distribution. This way, the detection logic can quickly identify any corrupted images and prevent them from being served to users, minimizing latency between ingestion and serving.
[Reference: AWS Lambda@Edge documentation:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/lambda-edge.html You can use Lambda@Edge to run your code in response to CloudFront events, such as a viewer request, an origin request, a response, or an error., , ]
Question # 8
A company is running an application on Amazon EC2 instances in the AWS Cloud. The application is using a MongoDB database with a replica set as its data tier. The MongoDB database is installed on systems in the company's on-premises data center and is accessible through an AWS Direct Connect connection to the data center environment.
A solutions architect must migrate the on-premises MongoDB database to Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility).
Which strategy should the solutions architect choose to perform this migration?
|
A. Create a fleet of EC2 instances. Install MongoDB Community Edition on the EC2 instances, and create a database. Configure continuous synchronous replication with the database that is running in the on-premises data center.
| B. Create an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) replication instance. Create a source endpoint for the on-premises MongoDB database by using change data capture (CDC). Create a target endpoint for the Amazon DocumentDB database. Create and run a DMS migration task.
| C. Create a data migration pipeline by using AWS Data Pipeline. Define data nodes for the on-premises MongoDB database and the Amazon DocumentDB database. Create a scheduled task to run the data pipeline.
| D. Create a source endpoint for the on-premises MongoDB database by using AWS Glue crawlers. Configure continuous asynchronous replication between the MongoDB database and the Amazon DocumentDB database.
|
B. Create an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) replication instance. Create a source endpoint for the on-premises MongoDB database by using change data capture (CDC). Create a target endpoint for the Amazon DocumentDB database. Create and run a DMS migration task.
Explanation:
https://aws.amazon.com/getting-started/hands-on/move-to-managed/migrate-mongodb-to-documentdb/
Question # 9
A company is running a two-tier web-based application in an on-premises data center. The application layer consists of a single server running a stateful application. The application connects to a PostgreSQL database running on a separate server. The application’s user base is expected to grow significantly, so the company is migrating the application and database to AWS. The solution will use Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling, and Elastic Load Balancing.
Which solution will provide a consistent user experience that will allow the application and database tiers to scale?
|
A. Enable Aurora Auto Scaling for Aurora Replicas. Use a Network Load Balancer with the least outstanding requests routing algorithm and sticky sessions enabled.
| B. Enable Aurora Auto Scaling for Aurora writers. Use an Application Load Balancer with the round robin routing algorithm and sticky sessions enabled.
| C. Enable Aurora Auto Scaling for Aurora Replicas. Use an Application Load Balancer with the round robin routing and sticky sessions enabled.
| D. Enable Aurora Scaling for Aurora writers. Use a Network Load Balancer with the least outstanding requests routing algorithm and sticky sessions enabled.
|
C. Enable Aurora Auto Scaling for Aurora Replicas. Use an Application Load Balancer with the round robin routing and sticky sessions enabled.
Explanation:
Aurora Auto Scaling enables your Aurora DB cluster to handle sudden increases in connectivity or workload. When the connectivity or workload decreases, Aurora Auto Scaling removes unnecessary Aurora Replicas so that you don't pay for unused provisioned DB instances
Question # 10
A company has a latency-sensitive trading platform that uses Amazon DynamoDB as a storage backend. The company configured the DynamoDB table to use on-demand capacity mode. A solutions architect needs to design a solution to improve the performance of the trading platform. The new solution must ensure high availability for the trading platform.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST latency?
|
A. Create a two-node DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) cluster Configure an application to read and write data by using DAX.
| B. Create a three-node DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) cluster. Configure an application to read data by using DAX and to write data directly to the DynamoDB table.
| C. Create a three-node DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) cluster. Configure an application to read data directly from the DynamoDB table and to write data by using DAX.
| D. Create a single-node DynamoD8 Accelerator (DAX) cluster. Configure an application to read data by using DAX and to write data directly to the DynamoD8 table.
|
B. Create a three-node DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) cluster. Configure an application to read data by using DAX and to write data directly to the DynamoDB table.
Explanation:
A DAX cluster can be deployed with one or two nodes for development or test workloads. One- and two-node clusters are not fault-tolerant, and we don't recommend using fewer than three nodes for production use. If a one- or two-node cluster encounters software or hardware errors, the cluster can become unavailable or lose cached data.A DAX cluster can be deployed with one or two nodes for development or test workloads. One- and two-node clusters are not fault-tolerant, and we don't recommend using fewer than three nodes for production use. If a one- or two-node cluster encounters software or hardware errors, the cluster can become unavailable or lose cached data.
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/DAX.concepts.cluster.html
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SAP-C02 is an advanced AWS certification for solutions architects. It confirms your mastery of designing AWS systems aligned with the AWS Well-Architected Framework. This certification demonstrates your ability to build cost-effective, reliable, and high-performance solutions, boosting your value in the cloud computing industry.
SAP-C02 is for the AWS Solutions Architect Professional, designed for individuals with deep technical knowledge and experience in designing distributed systems and applications on AWS. SAA-C03 is the AWS Certified Solutions Architect Associate exam, targeting those newer to designing scalable and elastic AWS-based applications. Each exam requires specific preparation to match its complexity and focus.
SAP-C02 exam is widely considered one of the most challenging AWS certifications. It demands not only in-depth knowledge of many AWS services but also the ability to design complex solutions that prioritize efficiency, security, and business requirements. If you are new to AWS or cloud architecture, expect a steep learning curve!
• Designing highly available, cost-optimized, resilient, and secure architectures on AWS
• Migrating complex solutions to AWS
• Implementing and operationalizing solutions based on architectural best practices
• Selecting appropriate AWS services and technologies to meet business requirements
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