Question # 1
| Which statement is an example of risk retention? |
| A. An organization has decided to release the software even though some minor bugs
have not been fixed yet | | B. An organization has implemented a data loss protection software | | C. An organization terminates work in the construction site during a severe storm |
A. An organization has decided to release the software even though some minor bugs
have not been fixed yet
Explanation: According to ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer, risk retention is one
of the four risk treatment options that an organization can choose to deal with unacceptable
risks. Risk retention means that the organization accepts the risk without taking any action
to reduce its likelihood or impact. It applies to risks that are either too costly or impractical
to address, or that have a low probability or impact. Therefore, an example of risk retention
is when an organization decides to release the software even though some minor bugs
have not been fixed yet. This implies that the organization has assessed the risk of
releasing the software with bugs and has determined that it is acceptable, either because
the bugs are not critical or because the cost of fixing them would outweigh the benefits.
Question # 2
| An organization has adopted a new authentication method to ensure secure access to
sensitive areas and facilities of the company. It requires every employee to use a two-factor
authentication (password and QR code). This control has been documented, standardized,
and communicated to all employees, however its use has been "left to individual initiative,
and it is likely that failures can be detected. Which level of maturity does this control refer
to? |
| A. Optimized | | B. Defined | | C. Quantitatively managed |
B. Defined
Explanation: According to the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer objectives and
content, the maturity levels of information security controls are based on the ISO/IEC
15504 standard, which defines five levels of process capability: incomplete, performed,
managed, established, and optimized1. Each level has a set of attributes that describe the
characteristics of the process at that level. The level of defined corresponds to the attribute
of process performance, which means that the process achieves its expected outcomes2.
In this case, the control of two-factor authentication has been documented, standardized,
and communicated, which implies that it has a clear purpose and expected outcomes.
However, the control is not consistently implemented, monitored, or measured, which
means that it does not meet the attributes of the higher levels of managed, established, or
optimized. Therefore, the control is at the level of defined, which is the second level of
maturity.
Question # 3
Scenario 2: Beauty is a cosmetics company that has recently switched to an e-commerce
model, leaving the traditional retail. The top management has decided to build their own
custom platform in-house and outsource the payment process to an external provider
operating online payments systems that support online money transfers.
Due to this transformation of the business model, a number of security controls were
implemented based on the identified threats and vulnerabilities associated to critical assets.
To protect customers' information. Beauty's employees had to sign a confidentiality
agreement. In addition, the company reviewed all user access rights so that only
authorized personnel can have access to sensitive files and drafted a new segregation of
duties chart.
However, the transition was difficult for the IT team, who had to deal with a security incident
not long after transitioning to the e commerce model. After investigating the incident, the
team concluded that due to the out-of-date anti-malware software, an attacker gamed
access to their files and exposed customers' information, including their names and home
addresses.
The IT team decided to stop using the old anti-malware software and install a new one
which would automatically remove malicious code in case of similar incidents. The new
software was installed in every workstation within the company. After installing the new
software, the team updated it with the latest malware definitions and enabled the automatic
update feature to keep it up to date at all times. Additionally, they established an
authentication process that requires a user identification and password when accessing
sensitive information.
In addition, Beauty conducted a number of information security awareness sessions for the
IT team and other employees that have access to confidential information in order to raise
awareness on the importance of system and network security.
Which statement below suggests that Beauty has implemented a managerial control that
helps avoid the occurrence of incidents? Refer to scenario 2. |
| A. Beauty's employees signed a confidentiality agreement | | B. Beauty conducted a number of information security awareness sessions for the IT team
and other employees that have access to confidential information | | C. Beauty updated the segregation of duties chart |
B. Beauty conducted a number of information security awareness sessions for the IT team
and other employees that have access to confidential information
Explanation: Managerial controls are administrative actions that are designed to prevent
or reduce the likelihood of security incidents by influencing human behavior. They include
policies, procedures, guidelines, standards, training, and awareness programs. In scenario
2, Beauty has implemented a managerial control by conducting information security
awareness sessions for the IT team and other employees that have access to confidential
information. These sessions aim to educate the staff on the importance of system and
network security, the potential threats and vulnerabilities, and the best practices to follow to
avoid the occurrence of incidents. By raising the level of awareness and knowledge of the
employees, Beauty can reduce the human errors and negligence that might compromise
the security of the information assets.
Question # 4
Scenario 7: InfoSec is a multinational corporation headquartered in Boston, MA, which
provides professional electronics, gaming, and entertainment services. After facing
numerous information security incidents, InfoSec has decided to establish teams and
implement measures to prevent potential incidents in the future.
Emma, Bob. and Anna were hired as the new members of InfoSec's information security
team, which consists of a security architecture team, an incident response team (IRT) and
a forensics team Emma's job is to create information security plans, policies, protocols, and
training to prepare InfoSec to respond to incidents effectively Emma and Bob would be fulltime
employees of InfoSec, whereas Anna was contracted as an external consultant.
Bob, a network expert, will deploy a screened subnet network architecture This architecture
will isolate the demilitarized zone (OMZ) to which hosted public services are attached and
InfoSec's publicly accessible resources from their private network Thus, InfoSec will be
able to block potential attackers from causing unwanted events inside the company's
network. Bob is also responsible for ensuring that a thorough evaluation of the nature of an
unexpected event is conducted, including the details on how the event happened and what
or whom it might affect.
Anna will create records of the data, reviews, analysis, and reports in order to keep
evidence for the purpose of disciplinary and legal action, and use them to prevent future
incidents. To do the work accordingly, she should be aware of the company's information
security incident management policy beforehand.
Among others, this policy specifies the type of records to be created, the place where they
should be kept, and the format and content that specific record types should have.
Based on scenario 7, what should Anna be aware of when gathering data? |
| A. The use of the buffer zone that blocks potential attacks coming from malicious websites
where data can be collected | | B. The type of data that helps prevent future occurrences of information security incidents | | C. The collection and preservation of records |
C. The collection and preservation of records
Explanation: According to the ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 standard, information security
incident management is the process of ensuring a consistent and effective approach to the
management of information security incidents, events and weaknesses. One of the
objectives of this process is to collect and preserve evidence that can be used for
disciplinary and legal action, as well as for learning and improvement. Therefore, Anna
should be aware of the collection and preservation of records when gathering data for the
forensics team. She should follow the information security incident management policy of
InfoSec, which specifies the type, format, content and location of the records to be created
and maintained. She should also ensure that the records are protected from unauthorized
access, modification, deletion or disclosure, and that they are retained for an appropriate
period of time.
Question # 5
| Which of the situations below can negatively affect the internal audit process? |
| A. Restricting the internal auditor's access to offices and documentation
| | B. Conducting internal audit interviews with all employees of the organization
| | C. Reporting the internal audit results to the top management |
A. Restricting the internal auditor's access to offices and documentation
Explanation: According to the ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer course, one of the
factors that can negatively affect the internal audit process is the lack of cooperation from
the auditees, which can manifest as restricting the internal auditor’s access to offices and
documentation1. This can hinder the auditor’s ability to collect sufficient and appropriate
audit evidence, verify the conformity of the information security management system (ISMS) with the audit criteria, and identify any nonconformities or opportunities for
improvement2. Therefore, the auditees should be informed of the audit objectives, scope,
criteria, and schedule in advance, and should provide the auditor with all the necessary
information and resources to conduct the audit effectively3.
Question # 6
Scenario 3: Socket Inc is a telecommunications company offering mainly wireless products
and services. It uses MongoDB. a document model database that offers high availability,
scalability, and flexibility.
Last month, Socket Inc. reported an information security incident. A group of hackers
compromised its MongoDB database, because the database administrators did not change
its default settings, leaving it without a password and publicly accessible.
Fortunately. Socket Inc. performed regular information backups in their MongoDB
database, so no information was lost during the incident. In addition, a syslog server
allowed Socket Inc. to centralize all logs in one server. The company found out that no
persistent backdoor was placed and that the attack was not initiated from an employee
inside the company by reviewing the event logs that record user faults and exceptions.
To prevent similar incidents in the future, Socket Inc. decided to use an access control
system that grants access to authorized personnel only. The company also implemented a
control in order to define and implement rules for the effective use of cryptography,
including cryptographic key management, to protect the database from unauthorized
access The implementation was based on all relevant agreements, legislation, and
regulations, and the information classification scheme. To improve security and reduce the
administrative efforts, network segregation using VPNs was proposed.
Lastly, Socket Inc. implemented a new system to maintain, collect, and analyze information
related to information security threats, and integrate information security into project
management.
Socket Inc. has implemented a control for the effective use of cryptography and
cryptographic key management. Is this compliant with ISO/IEC 27001' Refer to scenario 3. |
| A. No, the control should be implemented only for defining rules for cryptographic key
management
| | B. Yes, the control for the effective use of the cryptography can include cryptographic key
management
| | C. No, because the standard provides a separate control for cryptographic key
management |
B. Yes, the control for the effective use of the cryptography can include cryptographic key
management
Explanation: According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Annex A.8.24, the control for the effective
use of cryptography is intended to ensure proper and effective use of cryptography to
protect the confidentiality, authenticity, and/or integrity of information. This control can
include cryptographic key management, which is the process of generating, distributing,
storing, using, and destroying cryptographic keys in a secure manner. Cryptographic key
management is essential for ensuring the security and functionality of cryptographic
solutions, such as encryption, digital signatures, or authentication.
The standard provides the following guidance for implementing this control:
-
A policy on the use of cryptographic controls should be developed and implemented.
The policy should define the circumstances and conditions in which the different
types of cryptographic controls should be used, based on the information
classification scheme, the relevant agreements, legislation, and regulations, and
the assessed risks.
-
The policy should also define the standards and techniques to be used for each
type of cryptographic control, such as the algorithms, key lengths, key formats,
and key lifecycles.
-
The policy should be reviewed and updated regularly to reflect the changes in the
technology, the business environment, and the legal requirements.
-
The cryptographic keys should be managed through their whole lifecycle, from
generation to destruction, in a secure and controlled manner, following the
principles of need-to-know and segregation of duties.
-
The cryptographic keys should be protected from unauthorized access, disclosure,
modification, loss, or theft, using appropriate physical and logical security
measures, such as encryption, access control, backup, and audit.
-
The cryptographic keys should be changed or replaced periodically, or when there
is a suspicion of compromise, following a defined process that ensures the
continuity of the cryptographic services and the availability of the information.
-
The cryptographic keys should be securely destroyed when they are no longer
required, or when they reach their end of life, using methods that prevent their
recovery or reconstruction.
Question # 7
Scenario 4: TradeB. a commercial bank that has just entered the market, accepts deposits
from its clients and offers basic financial services and loans for investments. TradeB has
decided to implement an information security management system (ISMS) based on
ISO/IEC 27001 Having no experience of a management [^system implementation,
TradeB's top management contracted two experts to direct and manage the ISMS
implementation project.
First, the project team analyzed the 93 controls of ISO/IEC 27001 Annex A and listed only
the security controls deemed applicable to the company and their objectives Based on this
analysis, they drafted the Statement of Applicability. Afterward, they conducted a risk
assessment, during which they identified assets, such as hardware, software, and
networks, as well as threats and vulnerabilities, assessed potential consequences and
likelihood, and determined the level of risks based on three nonnumerical categories (low,
medium, and high). They evaluated the risks based on the risk evaluation criteria and
decided to treat only the high risk category They also decided to focus primarily on the
unauthorized use of administrator rights and system interruptions due to several hardware
failures by establishing a new version of the access control policy, implementing controls to
manage and control user access, and implementing a control for ICT readiness for
business continuity.
Lastly, they drafted a risk assessment report, in which they wrote that if after the
implementation of these security controls the level of risk is below the acceptable level, the
risks will be accepted.
Based on scenario 4, what type of assets were identified during risk assessment? |
| A. Supporting assets | | B. Primary assets | | C. Business assets |
A. Supporting assets
Explanation: According to ISO/IEC 27005:2021, there are three types of assets in
information security risk management: primary assets, supporting assets, and business
assets. Primary assets are the information and business processes that support the
organization’s objectives and operations. Supporting assets are the resources that enable
the primary assets to function, such as hardware, software, networks, people, facilities, etc.
Business assets are the outcomes or benefits that the organization expects from the
primary assets, such as reputation, market share, customer satisfaction, etc. (Must be
taken from ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer resources).
In scenario 4, the assets that were identified during risk assessment are hardware,
software, and networks, which are examples of supporting assets. These assets are
necessary for the information and business processes of TradeB to operate, but they are
not the main focus of the risk assessment. The risk assessment should also consider the
primary assets and the business assets, as well as the threats and vulnerabilities that affect
them, and the potential impacts and likelihood of information security incidents.
Question # 8
| Which option below should be addressed in an information security policy? |
| A. Actions to be performed after an information security incident
| | B. Legal and regulatory obligations imposed upon the organization
| | C. The complexity of information security processes and their interactions |
B. Legal and regulatory obligations imposed upon the organization
Explanation: According to the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standard, an information security
policy is a high-level document that defines the management approach and objectives for
information security within the organization. It should include, among other things, the legal
and regulatory obligations imposed upon the organization, such as compliance with laws,
contracts, agreements, and standards that are relevant to information security. The
information security policy should also provide the basis for establishing, implementing,
maintaining, and continually improving the information security management system
(ISMS).
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Questions People Ask About ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Implementer Exam
The exam covers:
-
Fundamentals of ISO/IEC 27001 and ISMS
-
Planning and implementing an ISMS
-
Risk assessment and treatment in information security
-
Compliance and regulatory requirements
-
Monitoring, evaluating, and improving an ISMS
-
Internal and external audit preparation
To prepare, you should study ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standards and guidelines, enroll in PECB’s official Lead Implementer training course, review case studies and practical applications of ISMS and take ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer practice test.
The certification is valid for three years. To maintain it, candidates must submit 20 hours of continuing professional development (CPD) credits per year and pay an annual certification maintenance fee.
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