Question # 1
| A cybersecurity audit reveals that an organization's risk management function has the right to overrule business management decisions. Would the IS auditor find this arrangement acceptable? |
| A. No, because the risk management function should be the body that makes risk-related decisions for the organization. | | B. Yes, because the second line of defense is generally on a higher organizational level than the first line. | | C. No, because the risk management's oversight function would potentially lose its ability to objectively monitor and measure the business. | | D. Yes, because this arrangement ensures adequate oversight and enforcement of risk management in the organization. |
Explanation:
The role of risk management is to provide an oversight function, ensuring that the business management’s decisions align with the organization’s risk appetite and strategy. If the risk management function were to overrule business management decisions, it could compromise its objectivity. This could lead to a conflict of interest and diminish the function’s ability to provide unbiased oversight and measurement of business activities.
References: The ISACA resources suggest that risk management should be a separate function that aids in the objective assessment and management of risks without directly intervening in business decisions12. This separation is crucial to maintain the integrity of the risk management process and to ensure that it can effectively monitor and measure business activities from an independent standpoint.
Question # 2
| What is the FIRST phase of the ISACA framework for auditors reviewing cryptographic environments? |
| A. Evaluation of implementation details | | B. Hands-on testing | | C. Hand-based shakeout | | D. Inventory and discovery |
D. Inventory and discovery
Explanation:
The FIRST phase of the ISACA framework for auditors reviewing cryptographic environments is inventory and discovery. This is because the inventory and discovery phase helps auditors to identify and document the scope, objectives, and approach of the audit, as well as the cryptographic assets, systems, processes, and stakeholders involved in the cryptographic environment. The inventory and discovery phase also helps auditors to assess the maturity and effectiveness of the cryptographic governance and management within the organization. The other phases are not the first phase of the ISACA framework for auditors reviewing cryptographic environments, but rather follow after the inventory and discovery phase, such as evaluation of implementation details (A), hands-on testing (B), or risk-based shakeout C.
Question # 3
| Which of the following provides the GREATEST assurance that data can be recovered and restored in a timely manner in the event of data loss? |
| A. Backups of information are regularly tested. | | B. Data backups are available onsite for recovery. | | C. The recovery plan is executed during or after an event | | D. full data backup is performed daily. |
A. Backups of information are regularly tested.
Explanation:
The feature that provides the GREATEST assurance that data can be recovered and restored in a timely manner in the event of data loss is that backups of information are regularly tested. This is because testing backups helps to ensure that they are valid, complete, and usable, and that they can be restored within the expected time frame and without errors or corruption. Testing backups also helps to identify and resolve any issues or problems with the backup process, media, or software. The other options are not features that provide the greatest assurance that data can be recovered and restored in a timely manner in the event of data loss, but rather different aspects or factors that affect the backup process, such as availability (B), execution C, or frequency (D) of backups.
Question # 4
| One way to control the integrity of digital assets is through the use of: |
| A. policies. | | B. hashing. | | C. caching. | | D. frameworks. |
B. hashing.
Explanation:
Hashing is a method used to ensure the integrity of digital assets. It involves applying a hash function to the digital asset’s data to produce a unique hash value. This value acts as a digital fingerprint; any alteration to the data will result in a different hash value when the hash function is reapplied. This makes it easy to detect unauthorized changes to the data, thereby protecting the integrity of the digital assets.
References: ISACA’s resources on cybersecurity audit emphasize the importance of using hashing as a control mechanism. Hashing is highlighted as a reliable method for maintaining the integrity of digital assets, as it provides a way to verify that the data has not been tampered with1.
Question # 5
| What would be an IS auditor's BEST response to an IT managers statement that the risk associated with the use of mobile devices in an organizational setting is the same as for any other device? |
| A. Replication of privileged access and the greater likelihood of physical loss increases risk levels. | | B. The risk associated with mobile devices is less than that of other devices and systems. | | C. The risk associated with mobile devices cannot be mitigated with similar controls for workstations. | | D. The ability to wipe mobile devices and disable connectivity adequately mitigates additional |
A. Replication of privileged access and the greater likelihood of physical loss increases risk levels.
Explanation:
The BEST response to an IT manager’s statement that the risk associated with the use of mobile devices in an organizational setting is the same as for any other device is that replication of privileged access and the greater likelihood of physical loss increases risk levels. Mobile devices pose unique risks to an organization due to their portability, connectivity, and functionality. Mobile devices may store or access sensitive data or systems that require privileged access, which can be compromised if the device is lost, stolen, or hacked. Mobile devices also have a higher chance of being misplaced or taken by unauthorized parties than other devices.
Question # 6
| While risk is measured by potential activity, which of the following describes the actual occurrence of a threat? |
| A. Attack | | B. Payload | | C. Vulnerability | | D. Target |
A. Attack
Explanation:
An attack is the actual occurrence of a threat, which is a potential activity that could harm an asset. An attack is the result of a threat actor exploiting a vulnerability in a system or network to achieve a malicious objective. For example, a denial-of-service attack is the occurrence of a threat that aims to disrupt the availability of a service.
Question # 7
| Which of the following backup procedures would only copy files that have changed since the last backup was made? |
| A. Incremental backup | | B. Differential backup | | C. Daily backup | | D. Full backup |
A. Incremental backup
Explanation:
An incremental backup is a type of backup that only copies the files that have changed since the last backup was made. This means that after a full backup, subsequent incremental backups will only include the data that has been altered or newly created since the previous backup, making it a more efficient way to save storage space and reduce backup time.
References = While I can’t provide direct references from the Cybersecurity Audit Manual, the concept of incremental backups is a standard practice in data management and is covered in various cybersecurity and IT audit resources, including those provided by ISACA1. For a detailed understanding, you may refer to the ISACA Cybersecurity Audit Certificate resources or other ISACA study materials.
Question # 8
| Which type of tools look for anomalies in user behavior? |
| A. Rootkit detection tools | | B. Trend/variance-detection tools | | C. Audit reduction tools | | D. Attack-signature-detection tools |
B. Trend/variance-detection tools
Explanation:
Trend/variance-detection tools are tools that look for anomalies in user behavior. These tools use statistical methods to establish a baseline of normal user activity and then compare it with current or historical data to identify deviations or outliers. These tools can help to detect unauthorized access, fraud, insider threats, or other malicious activities.
Question # 9
| Which of the following injects malicious scripts into a trusted website to infect a target? |
| A. Malicious code | | B. Cross-site scripting | | C. Denial-of-service attack | | D. Structure query language attack |
B. Cross-site scripting
Explanation:
Cross-site scripting (XSS) is a security vulnerability typically found in web applications. XSS enables attackers to inject malicious scripts into otherwise benign and trusted websites. When other users load the infected pages, the malicious scripts execute, which can lead to unauthorized access, data theft, and a variety of other malicious outcomes.
References = While I can’t provide direct references from the Cybersecurity Audit Manual, the concept of XSS and its implications are well-documented in cybersecurity literature, including resources provided by ISACA1. For a detailed understanding, you may refer to the ISACA Cybersecurity Audit Certificate resources or other ISACA study materials.
Question # 10
| Which of the following is the MOST serious consequence of mobile device loss or theft? |
| A. Cost of purchasing replacement devices | | B. Physical damage to devices | | C. Installation of unauthorized applications | | D. Compromise of transient data |
D. Compromise of transient data
Explanation:
The MOST serious consequence of mobile device loss or theft is the compromise of transient data. Transient data is data that is temporarily stored or processed on a mobile device, such as cached data, cookies, browsing history, passwords, or session tokens. Transient data can reveal sensitive information about the user or the organization and can be exploited by attackers to gain access to other systems or networks.
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