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ECCouncil 312-50 Exam Questions


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ECCouncil 312-50 Exam Questions


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312-50 Exam Sample Questions:



Rebecca is a security analyst and knows of a local root exploit that has the ability to
enable local users to use available exploits to gain root privileges. This vulnerability
exploits a condition in the Linux kernel within the execve() system call. There is no
known workaround that exists for this vulnerability. What is the correct action to be
taken by Rebecca in this situation as a recommendation to management?

 

Rebecca should make a recommendation to disable the () system call

 

 Rebecca should make a recommendation to upgrade the Linux kernel promptly

 

 Rebecca should make a recommendation to set all child-process to sleep within the
execve()

 

Rebecca should make a recommendation to hire more system administrators to monitor
all child processes to ensure that each child process can't elevate privilege


 Rebecca should make a recommendation to upgrade the Linux kernel promptly





What is Cygwin?

 

Cygwin is a free C++ compiler that runs on Windows

 

 Cygwin is a free Unix subsystem that runs on top of Windows

 

Cygwin is a free Windows subsystem that runs on top of Linux

 

Cygwin is a X Windows GUI subsytem that runs on top of Linux GNOME environment


 Cygwin is a free Unix subsystem that runs on top of Windows


Explanation: Cygwin is a Linux-like environment for Windows. It consists of two parts:
A DLL (cygwin1.dll) which acts as a Linux API emulation layer providing substantial Linux
API functionality.
A collection of tools which provide Linux look and feel.
The Cygwin DLL works with all non-beta, non "release candidate", ix86 32 bit versions of
Windows since Windows 95, with the exception of Windows CE.




John is discussing security with Jane. Jane had mentioned to John earlier that she
suspects an LKM has been installed on her server. She believes this is the reason
that the server has been acting erratically lately. LKM stands for Loadable Kernel
Module.
What does this mean in the context of Linux Security?

 

Loadable Kernel Modules are a mechanism for adding functionality to a file system
without requiring a kernel recompilation.

 

Loadable Kernel Modules are a mechanism for adding functionality to an operatingsystem
kernel after it has been recompiled and the system rebooted.

 

 Loadable Kernel Modules are a mechanism for adding auditing to an operating-system
kernel without requiring a kernel recompilation.

 

Loadable Kernel Modules are a mechanism for adding functionality to an operatingsystem
kernel without requiring a kernel recompilation.



Loadable Kernel Modules are a mechanism for adding functionality to an operatingsystem
kernel without requiring a kernel recompilation.



Explanation: Loadable Kernel Modules, or LKM, are object files that contain code to
extend the running kernel, or so-called base kernel, without the need of a kernel
recompilation. Operating systems other than Linux, such as BSD systems, also provide
support for LKM's. However, the Linux kernel generally makes far greater and more
versatile use of LKM's than other systems. LKM's are typically used to add support for new
hardware, filesystems or for adding system calls. When the functionality provided by an
LKM is no longer required, it can be unloaded, freeing memory.




Joe the Hacker breaks into company’s Linux system and plants a wiretap program in
order to sniff passwords and user accounts off the wire. The wiretap program is
embedded as a Trojan horse in one of the network utilities. Joe is worried that
network administrator might detect the wiretap program by querying the interfaces
to see if they are running in promiscuous mode.
Running “ifconfig –a” will produce the following:
# ifconfig –a
1o0: flags=848<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 8232
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000hme0:
flags=863<UP,BROADCAST,NOTRAILERS,RUNNING,PROMISC,MULTICAST> mtu
1500
inet 192.0.2.99 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 134.5.2.255 ether
8:0:20:9c:a2:35
What can Joe do to hide the wiretap program from being detected by ifconfig
command?

 

Block output to the console whenever the user runs ifconfig command by running screen
capture utiliyu

 

Run the wiretap program in stealth mode from being detected by the ifconfig command.

 

Replace original ifconfig utility with the rootkit version of ifconfig hiding Promiscuous
information being displayed on the console.

 

You cannot disable Promiscuous mode detection on Linux systems.



Replace original ifconfig utility with the rootkit version of ifconfig hiding Promiscuous
information being displayed on the console.


Explanation: The normal way to hide these rogue programs running on systems is the use
crafted commands like ifconfig and ls.




Bob is a Junior Administrator at ABC Company. On One of Linux machine he
entered the following firewall rules:
iptables –t filter –A INPUT -p tcp --dport 23 –j DROP
Why he entered the above line?

 

To accept the Telnet connection

 

 To deny the Telnet connection

 

 The accept all connection except telnet connection

 

None of Above



 To deny the Telnet connection


Explanation:

-t, --table
This option specifies the packet matching table which the command should operate on. If
the kernel is configured with automatic module loading, an attempt will be made to load the
appropriate module for that table if it is not already there.
The tables are as follows: filter This is the default table, and contains the built-in chains
INPUT (for packets coming into the box itself), FORWARD (for packets being routed
through the box), and OUTPUT (for locally-generated packets). nat This table is consulted
when a packet which is creates a new connection is encountered. It consists of three builtins:
PREROUTING (for altering packets as soon as they come in), OUTPUT (for altering
locally-generated packets before routing), and POSTROUTING (for altering packets as
they are about to go out). mangle This table is used for specialized packet alteration. It has
two built-in chains: PREROUTING (for altering incoming packets before routing) and
OUTPUT (for altering locally-generated packets before routing).
-A, --append
Append one or more rules to the end of the selected chain. When the source and/or
destination names resolve to more than one address, a rule will be added for each possible
address combination.
-p, --protocol [!] protocol
The protocol of the rule or of the packet to check. The specified protocol can be one of tcp,
udp, icmp, or all, or it can be a numeric value, representing one of these protocols or a
different one. Also a protocol name from /etc/protocols is allowed. A "!" argument before
the protocol inverts the test. The number zero is equivalent to all. Protocol all will match
with all protocols and is taken as default when this option is omitted. All may not be used in combination with the check command.
--destination-port [!] [port[:port]]
Destination port or port range specification. The flag --dport is an alias for this option.
-j, --jump target
This specifies the target of the rule; ie. what to do if the packet matches it. The target can
be a user-defined chain (not the one this rule is in), one of the special builtin targets which
decide the fate of the packet immediately, or an extension (see EXTENSIONS below). If
this option is omitted in a rule, then matching the rule will have no effect on the packet's
fate, but the counters on the rule will be incremented.


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