ECCouncil 312-38 Test Dumps

C.   Exploits

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

Indicators of Attack (IOAs) are behaviors or actions that suggest an attacker’s intent to compromise a system. Unlike Indicators of Compromise (IOCs), which are evidence that an attack has already occurred, IOAs focus on the detection of attack attempts before they can cause harm. Exploits are a prime example of IOAs because they are tools or techniques used to take advantage of vulnerabilities in systems, often before any actual damage is done. This can include exploiting security holes, system weaknesses, or software bugs to gain unauthorized access or perform unauthorized actions.

References: The concept of IOAs, including the use of exploits as an example, aligns with cybersecurity best practices and the objectives of the Certified Network Defender (CND) program. The information provided is based on standard cybersecurity frameworks and the CND’s focus on understanding and identifying potential threats before they manifest into actual attacks123.

C.   Northbound API

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

In the context of Software-Defined Networking (SDN), the Northbound API is the interface that connects the SDN application layer to the SDN controller. It facilitates communication between the network services and business applications. The Northbound API allows applications to communicate their network requirements to the controller, which then translates these requirements into the network configurations necessary to provide the requested services.

References: This information is consistent with the SDN architecture overview provided by the Open Networking Foundation1 and further explained in resources like GeeksforGeeks2 and SDxCentral3, which describe the role of Northbound APIs in SDN environments. These APIs are crucial for enabling the application layer to interact with the control layer, allowing for a dynamic, programmable networking infrastructure.

A.   OpenVAS

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

OpenVAS stands out as the most suitable tool for conducting a vulnerability assessment on a Linux server with LAMP. It is a full-featured vulnerability scanner that’s actively maintained and updated, capable of detecting thousands of vulnerabilities in network services and software. For a black hat vulnerability assessment, which implies testing from the perspective of a potential attacker, OpenVAS can simulate attacks on the network services running on the LAMP stack and identify vulnerabilities that could be exploited.

References: The choice of OpenVAS is supported by its inclusion in various lists of top vulnerability assessment tools for Linux servers. It is specifically designed to perform comprehensive scans and is frequently updated to include the latest vulnerability checks12.

A.   Bastion host

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

The server described in the question is known as a Bastion host. A Bastion host is a special-purpose computer on a network specifically designed and configured to withstand attacks. It is typically placed in a network’s demilitarized zone (DMZ) and acts as a proxy server, offering limited services and filtering packets to protect the internal private network from the public network. It is hardened due to its exposure to potential attacks and usually hosts a single application, like a proxy server, while all other services are removed or limited to reduce the threat surface1.

References: The definition and role of a Bastion host align with the objectives and documents of the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) course, which emphasizes the importance of securing network devices and managing traffic between internal and external networks1

A.   Application

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is an encryption program that provides confidentiality, integrity, and authentication for data communication. PGP operates at the Application layer of the OSI model. This is because it is used to encrypt and decrypt texts, emails, files, directories, and whole disk partitions and to enhance the security of email communications. PGP provides these services by utilizing cryptographic privacy and authentication through a hybrid approach that combines symmetric and asymmetric encryption, which is implemented at the Application layer.

References: The explanation aligns with the functionalities of PGP as described in the context of the OSI model and is consistent with the Certified Network Defender (CND) course material. For further details, please refer to the official CND study guide and documents.

D.   

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

Recovery drill tests are an essential part of disaster recovery planning. They are conducted on backup data to ensure that the data can be successfully restored in the event of a disaster. During these drills, the backup systems are tested to verify that they function correctly and that the data is intact and recoverable. This process helps organizations prepare for actual disaster scenarios and ensures that their backup solutions are effective and reliable.

References: The practice of conducting recovery drill tests on backup data is a standard procedure in disaster recovery and business continuity planning, as outlined in various IT and network security resources123.

A.   Multiple packet analysis is required to detect attack signatures

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

Composite signature-based analysis refers to a method of intrusion detection where multiple packets are analyzed to detect an attack signature. Unlike single-packet analysis, which may only require one packet to identify an attack, composite signature-based analysis looks for patterns across several packets to determine whether an attack is underway. This method is particularly useful for detecting complex attacks that cannot be identified by a single packet’s header or payload alone.

References: The concept of composite signature-based analysis is part of the broader network defense strategy that includes protecting, detecting, responding, and predicting network security incidents. It aligns with the Certified Network Defender (CND) program’s focus on understanding network traffic signatures and analysis as part of designing network security policies and incident response plans123.

C.   Make an initial assessment

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

As a first responder to a suspected DoS incident, the initial reaction should be to make an initial assessment. This involves quickly evaluating the situation to understand the scope and impact of the incident. An initial assessment helps in determining whether the unusual traffic is indeed a DoS attack or a false positive. It also aids in deciding the next steps, such as whether to escalate the incident, what resources are required, and how to communicate the issue to relevant stakeholders.

References: The approach aligns with best practices for incident response, which emphasize the importance of an initial assessment to understand the nature and extent of a security incident before proceeding with further actions123.

B.   Scanning, Reconnaissance, Gaining Access. Maintaining Access and Covering Tracks

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

The correct sequence for a black hat operation follows a structured approach that begins with Reconnaissance, where the attacker gathers preliminary data or intelligence on the target. Next is Scanning, where the attacker uses technical tools to understand the network and system vulnerabilities. Gaining Access is the phase where the vulnerabilities are exploited to enter the system or network. Maintaining Access involves establishing a persistent presence within the system, often for data exfiltration or additional exploitation. Finally, Covering Tracks is the phase where the attacker erases evidence of the intrusion to avoid detection.

References: This answer aligns with the objectives and documents of the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program, which outlines the phases of cyber attacks in the context of network security and defense strategies.

C.   AES-GCMP 256

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

WPA5 is not a standard term used in the industry, and there seems to be a confusion or typo in the question. However, based on the context of Wi-Fi security and encryption, the closest relevant standard is WPA3, which uses AES-GCMP 256 as its encryption algorithm. WPA3 is the successor to WPA2 and provides enhanced security features. It uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) with Galois/Counter Mode Protocol (GCMP) 256-bit encryption, which offers a higher level of security than the previous encryption methods used in WPA2, such as AES-CCMP. AES-GCMP 256 provides robust protection against various attacks and is designed to work efficiently on a wide range of devices, including those with limited processing capabilities.

References: The information provided is based on the current understanding of Wi-Fi security protocols, specifically the WPA3 standard, which is known to use AES-GCMP 256-bit encryption123.