Question # 1
| Richard has been working as a Linux system administrator at an MNC. He wants to maintain a productive and secure environment by improving the performance of the systems through Linux patch management. Richard is using Ubuntu and wants to patch the Linux systems manually. Which among the following command installs updates (new ones) for Debun based Linux OSes? |
| A. sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
| | B. sudo apt-get update
| | C. sudo apt-get dist-update
| | D. sudo apt-get upgrate
|
A. sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Explanation:
The command sudo apt-get dist-upgrade is used to install updates for Debian-based Linux operating systems, which includes Ubuntu. This command intelligently handles changes with new versions of packages and will install the newest versions of all packages currently installed on the system. It also handles changing dependencies with new versions of packages and will attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. The dist-upgrade command, therefore, will install or remove packages as necessary to complete the full update.
Question # 2
| An attacker has access to password hashes of a Windows 7 computer. Which of the following attacks can the attacker use to reveal the passwords? |
| A. Brute force
| | B. XSS | | C. Dictionary attacks
| | D. Rainbow table
|
D. Rainbow table
Explanation:
In the context of password hashes on a Windows 7 computer, a Rainbow Table attack is a feasible method an attacker might use to reveal passwords. This type of attack utilizes precomputed tables known as rainbow tables that contain hash values for every possible combination of characters. An attacker with access to password hashes can use these tables to look up the corresponding plaintext passwords. The effectiveness of rainbow tables stems from their ability to reverse cryptographic hash functions, which are used to store passwords securely. Since Windows 7 uses NTLM hashes, which are known to be vulnerable to rainbow table attacks, this method is particularly relevant12.
Question # 3
| Under which of the following acts can an international financial institution be prosecuted if it fails to maintain the privacy of its customer’s information? |
| A. GLBA | | B. FISMA | | C. DMCA | | D. SOX |
A. GLBA
Explanation:
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA), also known as the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999, is the correct answer. The GLBA mandates that financial institutions – which can include international financial institutions operating in the United States – protect the privacy of consumers’ personal financial information. The act requires financial institutions to explain their information-sharing practices to their customers and to safeguard sensitive data. Failure to comply with the GLBA can result in prosecution and significant penalties.
References: The information provided is based on my training data which includes knowledge of the GLBA and its implications for financial institutions regarding the privacy and protection of customer information. For the most accurate and detailed reference, it is recommended to consult the official documents and study guides from the Certified Network Defender (CND) course by the EC-Council.
Question # 4
| Which protocol would the network administrator choose for the wireless network design. If he
needs to satisfy the minimum requirement of 2.4 GHz, 22 MHz of bandwidth, 2 Mbits/s stream for data
rate and use DSSS for modulation. |
| A. 802.11a
| | B. 802.11g
| | C. 802.11b
| | D. 802.11n |
C. 802.11b
Explanation:
The 802.11b protocol is the correct choice for the network administrator to satisfy the specified requirements. This protocol operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, uses Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) for modulation, and provides a data rate of up to 11 Mbits/s, which is well above the minimum requirement of 2 Mbits/s. The 802.11b standard also uses a channel width of 22 MHz, which matches the given specification. It was designed to be backward compatible with the original 802.11 standard and is widely used due to its range and compatibility with many devices.
Question # 5
| Which among the following filter is used to detect a SYN/FIN attack?
|
| A. tcp.flags==0x002
| | B. tcp.flags==0x004
| | C. tcp.flags==0x003
| | D. tcp.flags==0x001
|
C. tcp.flags==0x003
Explanation:
The filter tcp.flags==0x003 is used to detect SYN/FIN attacks. This filter is designed to identify packets where both the SYN and FIN flags are set, which is an unusual combination and indicative of a potential SYN/FIN attack. In a typical TCP communication, a SYN flag is used to initiate a connection, and a FIN flag is used to gracefully close a connection. Therefore, seeing both flags set in a single packet suggests a malformed or malicious packet, which is characteristic of a SYN/FIN attack.
Question # 6
| In Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), which authority is responsible for issuing and verifying the certificates? |
| A. Registration authority | | B. Certificate authority | | C. Digital Certificate authority | | D. Digital signature authority |
B. Certificate authority
Explanation:
In Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), the Certificate Authority (CA) is responsible for issuing digital certificates. The CA validates entities and binds their public keys with their respective identities through a process of registration and issuance of certificates. This process can be automated or carried out under human supervision. The Registration Authority (RA) often assists the CA by handling the vetting of certificate requests and authenticating the entity making the request, but it does not issue certificates. The CA maintains the integrity of the binding by ensuring that the certificates are issued according to industry norms and best practices, and it also manages the revocation of certificates when necessary.
Question # 7
| What is the correct order of activities that a IDS is supposed to attempt in order to detect an intrusion?
|
| A. Prevention, Intrusion Monitoring, Intrusion Detection, Response | | B. Intrusion Monitoring, Intrusion Detection, Response, Prevention | | C. Intrusion Detection, Response, Prevention, Intrusion Monitoring | | D. Prevention, Intrusion Detection, Response, Intrusion Monitoring |
B. Intrusion Monitoring, Intrusion Detection, Response, Prevention
Explanation:
An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is designed to monitor network or system activities for malicious actions or policy violations. The correct order of activities that an IDS follows to detect an intrusion starts with Intrusion Monitoring, where it observes the network traffic or system events. Following this, Intrusion Detection takes place, where the IDS analyzes the monitored data to identify potential security breaches. Once a potential intrusion is detected, the Response mechanism is activated to address the intrusion, which may include alerts or automatic countermeasures. Finally, Prevention is applied to improve the system’s defenses against future intrusions based on the detected patterns and responses.
Question # 8
| An attacker uses different types of password cracking techniques to crack the password and gain unauthorized access to a system. An attacker uses a file containing a list of commonly used passwords. They then
upload this file into the cracking application that runs against the user accounts. Which of the following password cracking techniques is the attacker trying?
|
| A. Bruteforce | | B. Rainbow table | | C. Hybrid | | D. Dictionary |
D. Dictionary
Explanation:
The attacker is employing a Dictionary attack, which is a method where a file containing a list of commonly used passwords is used to attempt to gain unauthorized access to user accounts. This technique relies on the probability that many users will use common passwords that are easy to guess. It is more efficient than a brute-force attack since it uses a predefined list of words, rather than trying all possible combinations of characters.
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