ECCouncil 312-38 Test Dumps

C.   Exploits

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

Indicators of Attack (IOAs) are behaviors or actions that suggest an attacker’s intent to compromise a system. Unlike Indicators of Compromise (IOCs), which are evidence that an attack has already occurred, IOAs focus on the detection of attack attempts before they can cause harm. Exploits are a prime example of IOAs because they are tools or techniques used to take advantage of vulnerabilities in systems, often before any actual damage is done. This can include exploiting security holes, system weaknesses, or software bugs to gain unauthorized access or perform unauthorized actions.

References: The concept of IOAs, including the use of exploits as an example, aligns with cybersecurity best practices and the objectives of the Certified Network Defender (CND) program. The information provided is based on standard cybersecurity frameworks and the CND’s focus on understanding and identifying potential threats before they manifest into actual attacks123.

C.   Northbound API

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

In the context of Software-Defined Networking (SDN), the Northbound API is the interface that connects the SDN application layer to the SDN controller. It facilitates communication between the network services and business applications. The Northbound API allows applications to communicate their network requirements to the controller, which then translates these requirements into the network configurations necessary to provide the requested services.

References: This information is consistent with the SDN architecture overview provided by the Open Networking Foundation1 and further explained in resources like GeeksforGeeks2 and SDxCentral3, which describe the role of Northbound APIs in SDN environments. These APIs are crucial for enabling the application layer to interact with the control layer, allowing for a dynamic, programmable networking infrastructure.

A.   OpenVAS

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

OpenVAS stands out as the most suitable tool for conducting a vulnerability assessment on a Linux server with LAMP. It is a full-featured vulnerability scanner that’s actively maintained and updated, capable of detecting thousands of vulnerabilities in network services and software. For a black hat vulnerability assessment, which implies testing from the perspective of a potential attacker, OpenVAS can simulate attacks on the network services running on the LAMP stack and identify vulnerabilities that could be exploited.

References: The choice of OpenVAS is supported by its inclusion in various lists of top vulnerability assessment tools for Linux servers. It is specifically designed to perform comprehensive scans and is frequently updated to include the latest vulnerability checks12.

A.   Bastion host

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

The server described in the question is known as a Bastion host. A Bastion host is a special-purpose computer on a network specifically designed and configured to withstand attacks. It is typically placed in a network’s demilitarized zone (DMZ) and acts as a proxy server, offering limited services and filtering packets to protect the internal private network from the public network. It is hardened due to its exposure to potential attacks and usually hosts a single application, like a proxy server, while all other services are removed or limited to reduce the threat surface1.

References: The definition and role of a Bastion host align with the objectives and documents of the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) course, which emphasizes the importance of securing network devices and managing traffic between internal and external networks1

A.   Application

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is an encryption program that provides confidentiality, integrity, and authentication for data communication. PGP operates at the Application layer of the OSI model. This is because it is used to encrypt and decrypt texts, emails, files, directories, and whole disk partitions and to enhance the security of email communications. PGP provides these services by utilizing cryptographic privacy and authentication through a hybrid approach that combines symmetric and asymmetric encryption, which is implemented at the Application layer.

References: The explanation aligns with the functionalities of PGP as described in the context of the OSI model and is consistent with the Certified Network Defender (CND) course material. For further details, please refer to the official CND study guide and documents.