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A company's application team needs to host a MySQL database on IAM. According to the company's security policy, all data that is stored on IAM must be encrypted at rest. In addition, all cryptographic material must be compliant with FIPS 140-2 Level 3 validation.
The application team needs a solution that satisfies the company's security requirements and minimizes operational overhead. Which solution will meet these requirements?
A.
Host the database on Amazon RDS. Use Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) for encryption. Use an IAM Key Management Service (IAM KMS) custom key store that is backed by IAM CloudHSM for key management.
B.
Host the database on Amazon RDS. Use Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) for encryption. Use an IAM managed CMK in IAM Key Management Service (IAM KMS) for key management.
C.
Host the database on an Amazon EC2 instance. Use Amazon Elastic Block Store
(Amazon EBS) for encryption. Use a customer managed CMK in IAM Key Management Service (IAM KMS) for key management.
D.
Host the database on an Amazon EC2 instance. Use Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) for encryption and key management.
Host the database on Amazon RDS. Use Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) for encryption. Use an IAM managed CMK in IAM Key Management Service (IAM KMS) for key management.
A company has implemented IAM WAF and Amazon CloudFront for an application. The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances that are part of an Auto Scaling group. The Auto Scaling group is behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB).
The IAM WAF web ACL uses an IAM Managed Rules rule group and is associated with the CloudFront distribution. CloudFront receives the request from IAM WAF and then uses the ALB as the distribution's origin.
During a security review, a security engineer discovers that the infrastructure is susceptible to a large, layer 7 DDoS attack.
How can the security engineer improve the security at the edge of the solution to defend against this type of attack?
A.
Configure the CloudFront distribution to use the Lambda@Edge feature. Create an IAM Lambda function that imposes a rate limit on CloudFront viewer requests. Block the request if the rate limit is exceeded.
B.
Configure the IAM WAF web ACL so that the web ACL has more capacity units to process all IAM WAF rules faster.
C.
Configure IAM WAF with a rate-based rule that imposes a rate limit that automatically blocks requests when the rate limit is exceeded.
D.
Configure the CloudFront distribution to use IAM WAF as its origin instead of the ALB.
Configure IAM WAF with a rate-based rule that imposes a rate limit that automatically blocks requests when the rate limit is exceeded.
Explanation:
To improve the security at the edge of the solution to defend against a large, layer 7 DDoS attack, the security engineer should do the following:
Configure AWS WAF with a rate-based rule that imposes a rate limit that automatically blocks requests when the rate limit is exceeded. This allows the security engineer to use a rule that tracks the number of requests from a single IP address and blocks subsequent requests if they exceed a specified threshold within a specified time period.
A company hosts a web application on an Apache web server. The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances that are in an Auto Scaling group. The company configured the EC2 instances to send the Apache web server logs to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs group that the company has configured to expire after 1 year. Recently, the company discovered in the Apache web server logs that a specific IP address is sending suspicious requests to the web application. A security engineer wants to analyze the past week of Apache web server logs to determine how many requests that the IP address sent and the corresponding URLs that the IP address requested. What should the security engineer do to meet these requirements with the LEAST effort?
A.
Export the CloudWatch Logs group data to Amazon S3. Use Amazon Macie to query the logs for the specific IP address and the requested URLs.
B.
Configure a CloudWatch Logs subscription to stream the log group to an Am-azon
OpenSearch Service cluster. Use OpenSearch Service to analyze the logs for the specific IP address and the requested URLs.
C.
Use CloudWatch Logs Insights and a custom query syntax to analyze the CloudWatch logs for the specific IP address and the requested URLs.
D.
Export the CloudWatch Logs group data to Amazon S3. Use AWS Glue to crawl the S3 bucket for only the log entries that contain the specific IP ad-dress. Use AWS Glue to view the results.
Use CloudWatch Logs Insights and a custom query syntax to analyze the CloudWatch logs for the specific IP address and the requested URLs.
A company is operating a website using Amazon CloudFornt. CloudFront servers some content from Amazon S3 and other from web servers running EC2 instances behind an Application. Load Balancer (ALB). Amazon DynamoDB is used as the data store. The company already uses IAM Certificate Manager (ACM) to store a public TLS certificate that can optionally secure connections between the website users and CloudFront. The company has a new requirement to enforce end-to-end encryption in transit. Which combination of steps should the company take to meet this requirement? (Select THREE.)
A.
Update the CloudFront distribution. configuring it to optionally use HTTPS when connecting to origins on Amazon S3
B.
Update the web application configuration on the web servers to use HTTPS instead of HTTP when connecting to DynamoDB
C.
Update the CloudFront distribution to redirect HTTP corrections to HTTPS
D.
Configure the web servers on the EC2 instances to listen using HTTPS using the public ACM TLS certificate Update the ALB to connect to the target group using HTTPS
E.
Update the ALB listen to listen using HTTPS using the public ACM TLS certificate. Update the CloudFront distribution to connect to the HTTPS listener.
F.
Create a TLS certificate Configure the web servers on the EC2 instances to use HTTPS only with that certificate. Update the ALB to connect to the target group using HTTPS.
Update the web application configuration on the web servers to use HTTPS instead of HTTP when connecting to DynamoDB
Update the CloudFront distribution to redirect HTTP corrections to HTTPS
Update the ALB listen to listen using HTTPS using the public ACM TLS certificate. Update the CloudFront distribution to connect to the HTTPS listener.
Explanation:
To enforce end-to-end encryption in transit, the company should do the following:
Update the web application configuration on the web servers to use HTTPS instead of HTTP when connecting to DynamoDB. This ensures that the data is encrypted when it travels from the web servers to the data store.
Update the CloudFront distribution to redirect HTTP requests to HTTPS. This ensures that the viewers always use HTTPS when they access the website
through CloudFront.
Update the ALB to listen using HTTPS using the public ACM TLS certificate.
Update the CloudFront distribution to connect to the HTTPS listener. This ensures that the data is encrypted when it travels from CloudFront to the ALB and from the ALB to the web servers.
A security engineer needs to run an AWS CloudFormation script. The CloudFormation script builds AWS infrastructure to support a stack that includes web servers and a MySQL database. The stack has been deployed in pre-production environments and is ready for production. The production script must comply with the principle of least privilege. Additionally, separation of duties must exist between the security engineer's IAM account and CloudFormation. Which solution will meet these requirements?
A.
Use IAM Access Analyzer policy generation to generate a policy that allows the
CloudFormation script to run and manage the stack. Attach the policy to a new IAM role. Modify the security engineer's IAM permissions to be able to pass the new role to CloudFormation.
B.
Create an IAM policy that allows ec2:* and rds:* permissions. Attach the policy to a new IAM role. Modify the security engineer's IAM permissions to be able to assume the new role.
C.
Use IAM Access Analyzer policy generation to generate a policy that allows the CloudFormation script to run and manage the stack. Modify the security engineer's IAM permissions to be able to run the CloudFormation script.
D.
Create an IAM policy that allows ec2:* and rds:* permissions. Attach the policy to a new IAM role. Use the IAM policy simulator to confirm that the policy allows the AWS API calls that are necessary to build the stack. Modify the security engineer's IAM permissions to be able to pass the new role to CloudFormation.
Use IAM Access Analyzer policy generation to generate a policy that allows the
CloudFormation script to run and manage the stack. Attach the policy to a new IAM role. Modify the security engineer's IAM permissions to be able to pass the new role to CloudFormation.
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. Use IAM Access Analyzer policy generation to generate a policy that allows the CloudFormation script to run and manage the stack. Attach the policy to a new IAM role. Modify the security engineer’s IAM permissions to be able to pass the new role to CloudFormation.
According to the AWS documentation, IAM Access Analyzer is a service that helps you identify the resources in your organization and accounts, such as Amazon S3 buckets or IAM roles, that are shared with an external entity. You can also use IAM Access Analyzer to generate fine-grained policies that grant least privilege access based on access activity and access attempts.
To use IAM Access Analyzer policy generation, you need to enable IAM Access Analyzer in your account or organization. You can then use the IAM console or the AWS CLI to generate a policy for a resource based on its access activity or access attempts. You can review and edit the generated policy before applying it to the resource.
To use IAM Access Analyzer policy generation with CloudFormation, you can follow these steps:
Run the CloudFormation script in a pre-production environment and monitor its access activity or access attempts using IAM Access Analyzer.
Use IAM Access Analyzer policy generation to generate a policy that allows the CloudFormation script to run and manage the stack. The policy will include only
the permissions that are necessary for the script to function. Attach the policy to a new IAM role that has a trust relationship with CloudFormation. This will allow CloudFormation to assume the role and execute the script.
Modify the security engineer’s IAM permissions to be able to pass the new role to CloudFormation. This will allow the security engineer to launch the stack using the role.
Run the CloudFormation script in the production environment using the new role. This solution will meet the requirements of least privilege and separation of duties, as it will limit the permissions of both CloudFormation and the security engineer to only what is needed for running and managing the stack.
Option B is incorrect because creating an IAM policy that allows ec2:* and rds:*
permissions is not following the principle of least privilege, as it will grant more permissions than necessary for running and managing the stack. Moreover, modifying the security engineer’s IAM permissions to be able to assume the new role is not ensuring separation of duties, as it will allow the security engineer to bypass CloudFormation and directly access the resources.
Option C is incorrect because modifying the security engineer’s IAM permissions to be able to run the CloudFormation script is not ensuring separation of duties, as it will allow the security engineer to execute the script without using CloudFormation.
Option D is incorrect because creating an IAM policy that allows ec2:* and rds:*
permissions is not following the principle of least privilege, as it will grant more permissions than necessary for running and managing the stack. Using the IAM policy simulator to confirm that the policy allows the AWS API calls that are necessary to build the stack is not sufficient, as it will not generate a fine-grained policy based on access activity or access attempts.
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