ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Implementer Practice Test

Explanation: Clock synchronization is the control that enables the correlation and analysis of security-related events and other recorded data and to support investigations into information security incidents. According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Annex A, control A.8.23.1 states: “The clocks of all relevant information processing systems within an organization or security domain shall be synchronized with an agreed accurate time source.” This ensures that the timestamps of the events and data are consistent and accurate across different systems and sources, which facilitates the identification of causal relationships, patterns, trends, and anomalies. Clock synchronization also helps to establish the sequence of events and the responsibility of the parties involved in an incident.

Explanation: According to the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standard, an internal audit is an audit conducted by the organization itself to evaluate the conformity and effectiveness of its information security management system (ISMS). The standard requires that the internal audit should be performed by auditors who are objective and impartial, meaning that they should not have any personal or professional interest or bias that could influence their judgment or compromise their integrity. The standard also allows the organization to outsource the internal audit function to a third party, as long as the criteria of objectivity and impartiality are met.
Outsourcing the internal audit function to a third party can be a better option for small organizations that may not have enough resources, skills, or experience to perform an internal audit by themselves. By hiring an external auditor, the organization can benefit from the following advantages:
The external auditor can provide a fresh and independent perspective on the organization’s ISMS, identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that may not be apparent to the internal staff.
The external auditor can bring in specialized knowledge, expertise, and best practices from other organizations and industries, helping the organization to improve its ISMS and achieve its objectives.
The external auditor can reduce the risk of conflict of interest, bias, or influence that may arise when the internal staff audit their own work or the work of their colleagues.
The external auditor can save the organization time and money by conducting the internal audit more efficiently and effectively, avoiding duplication of work or unnecessary delays.
Therefore, outsourcing the internal audit function to a third party is acceptable and often preferable for small organizations that are implementing an ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001.

Explanation: According to the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standard, the organization should establish, implement and maintain a process to manage changes that affect the information security management system (ISMS) and to continually improve the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the ISMS (section 8.1.3 and 10.2). The standard also states that the organization should update the documented information of the ISMS as necessary to reflect the changes and the results of the improvement process (section 8.1.3.2 and 10.2.2). Therefore, the update of documented information supports the continual improvement of the ISMS by ensuring that the ISMS is aligned with the current and future needs and expectations of the organization and its interested parties.

Explanation: According to the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer Training Course Guide1, one of the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001 is to ensure that all persons doing work under the organization’s control are aware of the information security policy, their contribution to the effectiveness of the ISMS, the implications of not conforming to the ISMS requirements, and the benefits of improved information security performance. To achieve this, the organization should determine the necessary competence of persons doing work under its control that affects its information security performance, provide training or take other actions to acquire the necessary competence, evaluate the effectiveness of the actions taken, and retain appropriate documented information as evidence of competence. The organization should also determine differing team needs in accordance to the activities they perform and the intended results, and provide appropriate training and awareness programs to meet those needs.
Therefore, the scenario indicates that Skyver did not determine differing team needs in accordance to the activities they perform and the intended results, since Lisa, who works in the HR Department, found some of the issues being discussed in the training and awareness session too technical, thus not fully understanding the session. This implies that the session was not tailored to the specific needs and roles of the HR personnel, and that the information security expert did not consider the level of technical knowledge and skills required for them to perform their work effectively and securely.

Explanation: According to ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer, residual risk is the risk remaining after risk treatment. Residual risk should be compared with the acceptable level of risk, which is the level of risk that the organization is willing to tolerate. If the residual risk is below the acceptable level of risk, then the risk can be accepted. If the residual risk is above the acceptable level of risk, then additional risk treatment options should be considered. Therefore, TradeB should evaluate, calculate, and document the value of risk reduction following risk treatment, which is the difference between the initial risk and the residual risk. This will help TradeB to determine whether the risk treatment was effective and whether the residual risk is acceptable or not.