ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Implementer Practice Test

Explanation: According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 9.3.3, the organization must retain documented information as evidence of the results of management reviews. The results of management reviews must include decisions and actions related to the ISMS policy, objectives, risks, opportunities, resources, and communication. Documenting the results of management reviews is important to ensure the accountability, traceability, and effectiveness of the ISMS. It also helps the organization to monitor and measure the performance and improvement of the ISMS, and to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022. Therefore, an organization that has an ISMS in place and conducts management reviews at planned intervals, but does not retain documented information on the results, is not in accordance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001. (From the PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course Manual, page 107)

Explanation: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 does not prescribe a specific set of security controls that must be implemented by all organizations. Instead, it allows organizations to select and implement the controls that are appropriate for their context, based on the results of a risk assessment and a risk treatment plan. The risk treatment plan is a document that specifies the actions to be taken to address the identified risks, including the selection of controls from Annex A or other sources, the allocation of responsibilities, the expected outcomes, the priorities and the resources. Therefore, the security controls that must be implemented to comply with ISO/IEC 27001 are those that are included in the risk treatment plan, which may vary from one organization to another.

Explanation: According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, controls can be classified into different types based on their nature and purpose1. Some of the common types of controls are:
Preventive controls: These are controls that aim to prevent or deter the occurrence of a security incident or reduce its likelihood. Examples of preventive controls are encryption, firewalls, locks, policies, etc.
Detective controls: These are controls that aim to detect or discover the occurrence of a security incident or its symptoms. Examples of detective controls are logs, alarms, audits, etc.
Corrective controls: These are controls that aim to correct or restore the normal state of an asset or a process after a security incident or mitigate its impact.
Examples of corrective controls are backups, recovery plans, incident response teams, etc.
Administrative controls: These are controls that involve the management and governance of information security, such as policies, procedures, roles, responsibilities, awareness, training, etc.
Technical controls: These are controls that involve the use of technology or software to implement information security, such as encryption, firewalls, antimalware, authentication, etc.
Physical controls: These are controls that involve the protection of physical assets or locations from unauthorized access, damage, or theft, such as locks, fences, cameras, guards, etc.
Legal controls: These are controls that involve the compliance with laws, regulations, contracts, or agreements related to information security, such as privacy laws, data protection laws, confidentiality agreements, etc.
In this scenario, reviewing all user access rights is a type of detective and administrative control. It is a detective control because it helps to identify any unauthorized or inappropriate access to sensitive information or systems. It is also an administrative control because it involves the definition and enforcement of policies and procedures for granting, revoking, and monitoring user access rights.

Explanation: According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 10.2.2, the organization shall define and apply an information security incident management process that includes the following activities:
reporting information security events and weaknesses;
assessing information security events and classifying them as information security incidents;
responding to information security incidents according to their classification;
learning from information security incidents, including identifying causes, taking corrective actions and preventive actions, and communicating the results and actions taken;
collecting evidence, where applicable.
The standard does not specify who should perform these activities, as long as they are done in a consistent and effective manner. Therefore, the organization may choose to conduct forensic investigation internally or by using external consultants, depending on its needs, resources, and capabilities. However, the organization should ensure that the external consultants are competent, trustworthy, and comply with the organization’s policies and procedures.

Explanation: According to the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standard, a performance indicator is “a metric that provides information about the effectiveness or efficiency of an activity, process, system or organization” (section 3.35). A performance indicator should be measurable, relevant, achievable, realistic and time-bound (SMART). In this case, the percentage of employees who passed the exam is a performance indicator that measures the effectiveness of the information security awareness and training sessions. It shows how well the sessions achieved their intended learning outcomes and how well the employees understood the information security concepts and practices.