Cybersecurity-Architecture-and-Engineering Practice Test

D.   Processing

Processing is the operation that converts raw data into meaningful information. Input data is collected and then processed through various means such as calculations, comparisons, or formatting to produce output that can be interpreted and used by humans or other systems.

D.   Scanner

• An input device is any hardware component that allows a user to enter data into a computer.
• A scanner is an input device that converts physical documents into digital format.

The other options:
Therefore, a scanner is the correct answer for an input device.

References:

• "Introduction to Computer Science" by ITL Education Solutions Limited, which discusses input and output devices.
• "Digital Fundamentals" by Thomas L. Floyd, which includes information on various peripherals.

C.   When there is a short timeline

It is better to purchase software rather than build a software solution in-house when there is a short timeline. Building software from scratch requires significant time for development, testing, and deployment. Purchasing off-the-shelf software can significantly reduce the time needed to implement a solution. Other considerations include:

• Cost-effectiveness: Pre-built software can be more cost-effective than developing a custom solution, especially when factoring in the costs of development, maintenance, and support. Immediate availability: Purchased software is usually ready to deploy immediately, whereas custom development can take months or even years.
• Proven reliability: Commercial software often has a track record of reliability and user support, reducing the risk of bugs and issues that may arise with custom development.

Therefore, when time is of the essence, purchasing software is the preferable option.

References

Ian Sommerville, "Software Engineering," Pearson.
Steve McConnell, "Rapid Development: Taming Wild Software Schedules," Microsoft Press.

A.   Structured Query Language (SQL)


B.   Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)

• SQLis a standard language used to communicate with and manage databases. It allows applications to perform operations such as querying, updating, and managing data.
• JDBCis an API in Java that enables Java applications to interact with databases. It provides methods for querying and updating data in a database using SQL.
• DBMS (Database Management System)is the system software for creating and managing databases but not directly used by applications for database access.
• ODBC (Open Database Connectivity)is another standard API but specific to applications in a broader range of languages and platforms.
• GUI (Graphical User Interface)is a user interface and not a method for applications to access databases.

References:

• "SQL: The Complete Reference" by James R. Groff and Paul N. Weinberg.
• "Java Database Connectivity: JDBC and Java" by Daniel K. Akers.

C.   Relational

The relational model is the most common organizing principle of databases. In a relational database, data is organized into tables (or relations), where each table consists of rows and columns. Each row represents a record with a unique identifier, and each column represents a data field. This model allows for easy data retrieval and management through the use of structured query language (SQL).